USS Iowa vs IJN Yamato

[mig3535]

if this was to happen in real life...?
of course this video was only made in a game but still fun to look at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS0s1IhOY2I

watch it in HD

[ayanami_tard]

USS iowa got TLAM onboard:roll:




p-)

[Hennie the Great]

if USS Iowa has F22 it will win

[Laworkerbee]

if this was to happen in real life...?

Well the Japanese lacked radar to direct their guns with, they would have failed.

[ZeroZen]

IJN Yamato is majestic battleship with big guns deadly on close range. but USS Iowa has key advantage, accuracy, ship speed, maneuverability and loading speed.

[Laworkerbee]

IJN Yamato is majestic battleship with big guns deadly on close range. but USS Iowa has key advantage, accuracy, ship speed, maneuverability and loading speed.

Don't forget radar :bash:

p-)

[He219]

Iowa was also retrofitted with Tomahawks.

[CG51]

There is a forum that has a running thread about 'what if' between the Iowa and Yamoto. Most agree that the Iowa had the advantage of radar and speed. The Yamato could take a huge amount of punishment though, look at all the hits it took, sending it on a suicide mission with no escorts, that is pure desperation.

At the onset of WWII, The IJN had the best Navy in the world, they just failed stategically. Like wasting subs to try and kill American aircraft carriers instead of suppy ships is just one blunder that comes to mind.

Always thought the Yamato was a beautiful ship.

There was a game for the Sega Saturn that allowed you to invest in research and upgrage ships (Pacific theater only, ie, Americans vs the Japanese) and was very addictive. Based on the performance of the Naval battles and securing land and resources you were able to construct better ships, a/c, ect. for each nation. Beat America once as I concentrated on building carries and research that produced radar and better performing a/c for the IJN. Very hard to do as the American's start the war with 10 times the amount of GDP. God, can't remember the name of that game to save my life. If there is an emulator for the PC I would still play that game even though it is like 15 years old.

Sorry to go off topic.

[Laworkerbee]

There was a game for the Sega Saturn that allowed you to invest in research and upgrage ships (Pacific theater only, ie, Americans vs the Japanese) and was very addictive. Based on the performance of the Naval battles and securing land and resources you were able to construct better ships, a/c, ect. for each nation. Beat America once as I concentrated on building carries and research that produced radar and better performing a/c for the IJN. Very hard to do as the American's start the war with 10 times the amount of GDP. God, can't remember the name of that game to save my life. If there is an emulator for the PC I would still play that game even though it is like 15 years old.

Sorry to go off topic.

I still own a copy of PTO and an original Sega to play it, the game was\is epic. Hands down one of the best games I've ever played.

[wicked_hind]

I still own a copy of PTO and an original Sega to play it, the game was\is epic. Hands down one of the best games I've ever played.

I owned PTO-2 on Super Nintendo back in the day, and I used to play that game into the wee hours of the morning every weekend. That game ruled.

[Panchito12]

Fact: IOWA has company in the name of MISSOURI, NEW JERSEY, and WISCONSIN to cover her back.

Fact: YAMATO's only buddy can be found somewhere around the 4,000 fathom mark at the bottom of the Sibuyan Sea.

Result: Same ending for YAMATO as on April 7, 1945

[JPBaz]

Does anyone know what game this was made in? What was PTO? Pacific Theater of Operations?

[Finn76]

Well the Japanese lacked radar to direct their guns with, they would have failed.

Actually they had radar on yamato.

[CG51]

Actually they had radar on yamato.

Don't think it was fire control radar.

[CG51]

I still own a copy of PTO and an original Sega to play it, the game was\is epic. Hands down one of the best games I've ever played.

I think thats it. Man, I will try to find an emulator for it as I dumped my consoles for cash long ago while they were still worth something. Wish I would have kept that Sega. That game kept me up till the wee hours of the morning and co-worker asking if I was clubbing the night before. That and Iron Storm, man that game wasted many hours of my life too lol.

[California Joe]

I got to climb all over the Iowa during the investigation. We took bazillions of pics for the Navy. Had the sweetest working model of the turret. Some Captain took it with him...prick.

[Violet Fashion by Mindy]

At the onset of WWII, The IJN had the best Navy in the world, they just failed stategically. Like wasting subs to try and kill American aircraft carriers instead of suppy ships is just one blunder that comes to mind.

Always thought the Yamato was a beautiful ship.



Kidding right?

Japan had no modern vessels apart from a few cruisers, destroyers. Yamato and Musashi were the only modern battleships built. All other battleships were of WW1 origin.

And it's carriers were often poorly designed hap hazard conversions. Only the Unryu, Hiyo and Shokaku class were comparable to Allied designs. Even then only 2 vessels were available at the start of the war.

By comparison the Royal Navy had the heavily modified Queen Elizebeth class battleships (yeah sure built in WW1 but rebuilt to become practically brand new ships.) Rodney, Nelson, the KGV class coming into service, HMS Hood, and the largest cruiser force in the world.

Royal Navy carriers generally had armoured decks and significant protection.

Royal Navy and the US Navy were far in advance of anything the Japanese could put to see. I'd even go as far as saying the Kriegsmarine and Regia Marina had better, well balanced fleets then the Japanese.

Japanese had luck. And a lot of it.

[Ghostwolf]

Does anyone know what game this was made in?

Looks like Silent Hunter 4: Wolves of the Pacific.

[TheKiwi]

There is a forum that has a running thread about 'what if' between the Iowa and Yamoto. Most agree that the Iowa had the advantage of radar and speed. The Yamato could take a huge amount of punishment though, look at all the hits it took, sending it on a suicide mission with no escorts, that is pure desperation.

At the onset of WWII, The IJN had the best Navy in the world, they just failed stategically. Like wasting subs to try and kill American aircraft carriers instead of suppy ships is just one blunder that comes to mind.

Always thought the Yamato was a beautiful ship.



The main advantages the IJN had at the beginning of the war were a well prepared night fighting plan, and very heavy long range torpedoes. Radar was researched but not regarded as a priority. Senior officers regarded it with contempt and had a "mens eyes are good enough" attitude.

As Minardu said, much of their battlefleet was WW1 reconstructs, but that applied to everyone - the Washington and London naval treaties had prevented much in the war of new construction.

If it came down the Yamato vs an Iowa, my money would be on the Iowa. Faster, better built and faster firing. Match that with range finding radar and the fact that by the time they could cross paths, the professionalism of the IJN had been severly diluted, and you have no contest.

[Panchito12]

Some Captain took it with him...prick.

Who? Fred Moosally? 'Cause I know his son and I can go an demand proper restitution!!

[James]

if USS Iowa has F22 it will win

The Helldivers and Avengers we had 64 years ago did fine...

[California Joe]

Who? Fred Moosally? 'Cause I know his son and I can go an demand proper restitution!!

Haha, nope, that wasn't him. I can't remember his name, really demanding. At one point a civilian engineer threatened to kick his ass for poking him with his finger... We were doing a lot of testing with the black powder to figure different scenarios of how the explosion could have happened....

[Finn76]

If someone is interested in reading about ww2 naval battles, i recommed this site, http://www.bobhenneman.info/battlehistory2home.htm these are really well written and entertaining.

[ZeroZen]

Don't forget radar :bash:

p-)

lol, why you need radar when IJN Yamato is on you line-of-sight. early radars are for air detection-directional control.

[ZeroZen]

BTW, Is this game "Navyfield"?

[TheKiwi]

lol, why you need radar when IJN Yamato is on you line-of-sight. early radars are for air detection-directional control.

Lineof sight does not equal "able to hit". From recollection, the longest range shot that actually hit in WW2 was about 11,000 yards. Acurate ranging makes a very big difference.

When the Yamato got to shot at ships (the attack on the Taffey's during the Leyete Gulf battles), she did appalling badly.

[oldsoak]

Actually 26000 yards - HMS Warspite at Matapan - apparently shocked the gunnery control officer !. Sharnhorst almost equalled it on HMS Glorious, and one of the USN ships did near enough the same at Casablanca.
At that range, the Iowa would have been able to use her superior FCS to good effect. Yamamoto might have had a helluva fight on her hands had they met.
USN developed very good fire control systems during the war - the best of any nation- and good 16 inch guns and ammo. The Iowa class were very well designed, fast, well protected, powerful ships with long range. For going up against the Yamato, you'd be hard put to get better from the allies. The KG's V's would have been marginal, the Vanguard better.

[TheKiwi]

Actually 26000 yards - HMS Warspite at Matapan - apparently shocked the gunnery control officer !. Sharnhorst almost equalled it on HMS Glorious, and one of the USN ships did near enough the same at Casablanca.
At that range, the Iowa would have been able to use her superior FCS to good effect. Yamamoto might have had a helluva fight on her hands had they met.
USN developed very good fire control systems during the war - the best of any nation- and good 16 inch guns and ammo. The Iowa class were very well designed, fast, well protected, powerful ships with long range. For going up against the Yamato, you'd be hard put to get better from the allies. The KG's V's would have been marginal, the Vanguard better.

Yep my mistake on the ranges, I remembered badly.

Yamato if her Leyte Gulf performance was anything to go by, couldn't hit a stationary barn door with "shoot here" in glowing neon lights 20 ft high on it.

[Mastermind]

I think the Japanese had one advantage and that was squandered early on in the war...surprise. They lost just about every planned major naval engagement after that, with a very few arguable exceptions. The battle of Midway illustrates the point, considering the massive blunders the Japanese made from the start of that campaign...aguments for another thread, please.

In my opinion, the Japanese had entered the war by making massive strategic mistakes. they used very poor planning, and let themselves be led around by their ****s rather than their heads. they had an overly exaggerated opinion of themselves and a very under rated opinion of their adversaries.

In spite of the staggering losses suffered by the allies at the beginning (due mainly to incredible stupidity and poor planning for themselves)...making a kind of un-deliberate "roper dope" strategy come true, thus giving the Japanese a very false security complex.

In studying the battle of Lete, and the astonishing Japanese blunders there, I have to say, the Japanese navy, for all it's advertising to the contrary, was not a very able force from the very beginning when one considers all the points needed to make up a good modern navy in the middle of the 20th century.

Definately, Iowa wins in this fantasy adventure...no question about it (barring intervention by unforgivable lady luck, of course).

(Author's note: All above is Mastermind's personal and entitled opinion. :-))

[oldsoak]

Agreed.
Plus - when you consider basic stuff like strategic materials, steel production and heavy industry - you wonder why they even bothered. The Japanese must have had moon cookies with tea when they thought that one up.
How many Iowas could the US comfortably produce vs Japanese Yamato's or even Nagato class ? WWII was won in the steel mills and factories of the US and its allies.

[TheKiwi]

The IJN and the Japanese army were both geared towards the offensive, and they continued to do so, long after it was plainly obvious for the need to go defensive.

The Leyte Gulf battle was known to the IJN to have little or no chance of success, but they felt they had to try because it was shameful to have capital units swinging at anchor while the army was fighting the US in the Phillippines.

Related to the original post, the most likely scenario that would have seen the Yamoto fight US battleships would have happened if Hasley hadn't sent his entire taskforce chasing after the (clearly) bait Japanese carriers. If he'd left some ships behind (and he had over 60 so he could afford to do so), they'd have been in a blocking position against Kurita's task force.

[TheKiwi]

How many Iowas could the US comfortably produce vs Japanese Yamato's or even Nagato class ? WWII was won in the steel mills and factories of the US and its allies.

The US produced so many Battleships, Carriers, Cruisers, Destroyers etc that they couldn't man all of them. The US navy was about 3.1 million strong at that point, but would need to be 4 million strong to provide sufficient crew. By the time of Leyete Gulf, the US had more Destroyers present than the IJN had aircraft!

[Mastermind]

The IJN and the Japanese army were both geared towards the offensive, and they continued to do so, long after it was plainly obvious for the need to go defensive.

The Leyte Gulf battle was known to the IJN to have little or no chance of success, but they felt they had to try because it was shameful to have capital units swinging at anchor while the army was fighting the US in the Phillippines.

Related to the original post, the most likely scenario that would have seen the Yamoto fight US battleships would have happened if Hasley hadn't sent his entire taskforce chasing after the (clearly) bait Japanese carriers. If he'd left some ships behind (and he had over 60 so he could afford to do so), they'd have been in a blocking position against Kurita's task force.
^^ Quite true...and "Might Have Been" a lot closer than we think. Halsey had made a new "Task force" of the heavies and had issued orders to have them stay...but, there was a snafu and a misinterpretation of the message and the heavies that were supposed to be gurading the north approach to the gulf continued on with Halsey. During the inquirey, Halsy seemed to indicate he was surprised the heavies were still with him.

I had this all sorted out once and can't recall now exactly how it worked out that there was no blocking force at the northern approach. But, there really was supposed to be one there and if that had happened, Wow! What a story that might have been, eh?

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

Agreed.
Plus - when you consider basic stuff like strategic materials, steel production and heavy industry - you wonder why they even bothered. ... WWII was won in the steel mills and factories of the US and its allies.


The US produced so many Battleships, Carriers, Cruisers, Destroyers etc that they couldn't man all of them. The US navy was about 3.1 million strong at that point, but would need to be 4 million strong to provide sufficient crew. By the time of Leyete Gulf, the US had more Destroyers present than the IJN had aircraft!

A few interesting facts regarding Liberty Ship production:

The first Liberty ship required 244 days to build. By the end of 1945, the average building time for all Liberty shipyards was under 40 days. Some yards building Liberty ships have delivered these 441-foot vessels in 16 days in regular production.

Henry J. Kaiser of the Oregon yard, became a master of mass-production. He had previously completed construction of Hoover, Bonneville and Grand Coulee Dams ahead of schedule, but had never before built a ship. Kaiser's theories on mass-production created some mirth among conventional shipbuilders, but he continually reduced delivery times. His 75th ship, the JOSEPH N. TEAL, was completed in 10 days after the keel laying.

Link (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/liberty-ships-production.htm)





Related to the original post, the most likely scenario that would have seen the Yamoto fight US battleships would have happened if Hasley hadn't sent his entire taskforce chasing after the (clearly) bait Japanese carriers. If he'd left some ships behind (and he had over 60 so he could afford to do so), they'd have been in a blocking position against Kurita's task force.I agree, but in all fairness the chance to sink the Zuikaku — the last survivor of the six carriers which had attacked Pearl Harbor — would have been a great temptation.

What amazes me is how poorly the Japanese utilized their subs.
IIRC, US subs sunk massive amounts of Japanese naval ships and merchant marine.


I just wish we could have built just one Montana class battleship, just one!

[TheKiwi]

The carriers were bait, and everyone knew they were too. This is what makes Halsey's daft charge after them so ... hard to understand. Intel reports had been around for several months that the IJN carrier's had no aircrew left who could fly off and land on them. The ones that had launched earlier to alert Halsey to the carriers existance had to land in the Phillippines.

Halsey let his desire for a famous victory get in the way of his job - to guard the landing forces. Nimitz himself said "when I send the fleet out with Spruance, I know he'll bring it back. When it goes out with Halsey, I don't know what will happen".

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

The thing is, intelligence isn't infallible, and if you know where the enemy is, I can see how it would be hard to resist the urge to attack.

Although, I would hope that, were I in his Captain's chair, I would be more balanced and less impulsive.

[TheKiwi]

Maybe. 65 ships vs 17 Japanese and worst of all, not informing Nimitz or Kinkaid about what you are doing - unforgivable.

[ZeroZen]

Lineof sight does not equal "able to hit". From recollection, the longest range shot that actually hit in WW2 was about 11,000 yards. Acurate ranging makes a very big difference.

When the Yamato got to shot at ships (the attack on the Taffey's during the Leyete Gulf battles), she did appalling badly.

Thats quite very far from my argument. the radar...I know LOS doesn't mean deadly accurate but radar use during that time "what if" USS Iowa and IJN Yamato are on its horizon. During that time the radar was use for enemy detection and fire direction.

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

Maybe. 65 ships vs 17 Japanese and worst of all, not informing Nimitz or Kinkaid about what you are doing - unforgivable.

Not coordinating your forces, yes, that's a very bad way to operate.

[TheKiwi]

Thats quite very far from my argument. the radar...I know LOS doesn't mean deadly accurate but radar use during that time "what if" USS Iowa and IJN Yamato are on its horizon. During that time the radar was use for enemy detection and fire direction.

Your original quote suggested that radar was only used for aircraft detection, which was not the case. Radar was used for surface gunnery direction by that time, and indeed had been used like that since 1939. US radar was vastly superior to Japanese and would have meant that horizon detection distances could be accurately read and passed to the gunnery crews. The Yamoto on the other hand distinguished itself at Leyete Gulf by firing 200 rounds at slow moving escort carriers for 0 (zero) hits.

[TheKiwi]

Not coordinating your forces, yes, that's a very bad way to operate.

Yes, a permanent stain in Halsey's record. After the war in his memoirs, he claimed that the IJN carriers posed an immediate threat to the US forces around the Phillippines. I don't hink anyone bought it then or since.

[G-AWZT]

The Montana class battleships were supposed to be the biggest we'd have. Essentially a New Jersey class, lengthened to include 4 turrets. My father was to have served aboard the Montana had she been finished.

[oldsoak]

They would have been some ship, thats for sure.

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

The Montana class battleships were supposed to be the biggest we'd have. Essentially a New Jersey class, lengthened to include 4 turrets. My father was to have served aboard the Montana had she been finished.

Very cool!

I understand that carriers were more decisive but why not just one of those fellows?!

[TheKiwi]

Your Dad must have been old when he had you!

They were more of an enlarged North Carolina than an Iowa, and only rated for 28 knots as opposed to the Iowa's 33. But 12 x 16" guns would have been impressive alright. However, as most Battleships were finding their employment limited to shore bombardment and as large stable AA platforms, I can understand why they were cancelled.

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

I think this is relevant here:


LEGO Battleship Yamato Completed!
By Matt Blum
April 11, 2009 | 11:00:00 AM

You really have to admire the devotion, attention to detail, and possible nascent insanity of some LEGO builders.

Back in the fall of 2007, fellow GeekDad Don Shump wrote about a 100,000-piece LEGO recreation of the Japanese battleship Yamato that was then in process. LEGO craftsman Jun Brick (which, if the Japanese classes I took nearly twenty years ago are anything to go by, is definitely not his real name) has recently completed the amazing 1:40 scale model. If you think the picture here is impressive, see the full gallery on his website (with frames, unfortunately).

I hope he likes it where it is, though, because I can't imagine how it could successfully be moved.

Link (http://blog.wired.com/geekdad/2009/04/lego-battleship.html)

http://img24.imageshack.us/img24/6979/yamato2.jpg

[G-AWZT]

Your Dad must have been old when he had you!

They were more of an enlarged North Carolina than an Iowa, and only rated for 28 knots as opposed to the Iowa's 33. But 12 x 16" guns would have been impressive alright. However, as most Battleships were finding their employment limited to shore bombardment and as large stable AA platforms, I can understand why they were cancelled.


Yeah he was born in 1927. As a teenager before joining the USN in early '44 he shovelled coal on ore ships on the Great Lakes.
He was all Navy for sure.

His first action was on the USS Pennsylvania turret #4 during the Palau and Peleliu invasion. The noise must've been something.

[G-AWZT]

Jeez a Lego battleship! That takes patience to build.

I've seen a huge scale Japanese model of the Yamato in a museum..............thing was incredible!

[TR1]

I'll take the Yamato. An extra 20,000 tons makes a diffirence. In ****ty visibility conditions, and at night, the radar (which btw, is not an inherent design feature) will make a massive difference. On a good day, Yamato's armament and protection is utterly superior. Manueverability is also much better, although the Iowa is fast as hell.

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

Which had comparatively stronger in AA?

Also, I thought I heard or read that the Iowa's 16in guns could be reloaded and fired more quickly. I'll try to find a source.

[TR1]

Yamato had decent AA, but non comparable to late war US battleships that were literally plastered in various 20-40mm AA guns.

[Lt-Col A. Tack]

Yamato had decent AA, but non comparable to late war US battleships that were literally plastered in various 20-40mm AA guns.

Many thanks!

[TheKiwi]

I'll take the Yamato. An extra 20,000 tons makes a diffirence. In ****ty visibility conditions, and at night, the radar (which btw, is not an inherent design feature) will make a massive difference. On a good day, Yamato's armament and protection is utterly superior. Manueverability is also much better, although the Iowa is fast as hell.

I'll repeat it, Yamato's shooting was simple awful. 200+ shots fired at slow escort carriers for not a single hit. I'll take Iowa any day, 20,000 tons light or not. The Yamato's protection wasn't enough to prevent the Iowa's 16" guns from penetrating (likewise the Iowa's armour vs the 18" of Yamato), so if it comes down to who can hit, it's no contest.

[TR1]

I'll repeat it, Yamato's shooting was simple awful. 200+ shots fired at slow escort carriers for not a single hit. I'll take Iowa any day, 20,000 tons light or not. The Yamato's protection wasn't enough to prevent the Iowa's 16" guns from penetrating (likewise the Iowa's armour vs the 18" of Yamato), so if it comes down to who can hit, it's no contest.

Bull****. Yamato had hits on a carrier, a destroyer, and a destoyer escort. Yamato's armor was made to be immune to 16inch guns, at least portions of it. and EVEN if both guns can penetrate the other ship, are you seriously implying the destructive potential of the 18inch is not more than the 16 incher?

[TheKiwi]

Don't know where you are getting your information from. My "Worlds Battleships" quotes her as firing 108 salvos at Leyte for no effect. Almost all of the damage done in the Taffy attacks was done by Japanese cruisers. Her armour was thicker than the Iowa's by up to 2" in places, but Japanese armour steel was of lower quality than US steel. Both ships were vulnerable to each others main weapons, but you have to hit to hurt.

[TR1]

Don't know where you are getting your information from. My "Worlds Battleships" quotes her as firing 108 salvos at Leyte for no effect. Almost all of the damage done in the Taffy attacks was done by Japanese cruisers. Her armour was thicker than the Iowa's by up to 2" in places, but Japanese armour steel was of lower quality than US steel. Both ships were vulnerable to each others main weapons, but you have to hit to hurt.
Interesting. I'm going to go through my books to see if there is specific mention of the Yamato scoring hits on Taffy.

[TheKiwi]

Japanese QA for the armour was ... strange. Sort of like having SOME armor on the Yamato's that was "the strongest ever tested" by the U.S. with other plates right next to it that would shatter when hit by a 12" (in a couple cases spall when hit by 8") shells, not as a design feature, but because your QA sucked. Most expensive thing your country ever built, and no one bother to QA the parts. Bizarre.

[TheKiwi]

I see that there are some references on the web to her making some hits at Leyete. It is possible that she scores some hits. It is often stated that the rounds fired by the Japanese BB's there were AP (due to mis-identification of the escort carriers as fleet carriers), and thus passed through the thin skinned Carriers and destroyers without detonating.

[TR1]

I see that there are some references on the web to her making some hits at Leyete. It is possible that she scores some hits. It is often stated that the rounds fired by the Japanese BB's there were AP (due to mis-identification of the escort carriers as fleet carriers), and thus passed through the thin skinned Carriers and destroyers without detonating.
Yeah so far I have seen reports that the group that Yamato was part of scored hits, but nothing on the ships herself being credited with actual hits, so you could very well be right about the accompanying ships scoring the hits.

Wouldn't an 18inch AP passing through a destroyer sink it though? Assuming that the hit was on the hull or the deck...


edit: perhaps Bucketfoot-al can shed some light on this, he does have that great Yamato archive.

[TheKiwi]

I would assume that an 18" shell that passed through a DD without detonating would leave an 18" (or thereabouts" hole in her sides. Plunging fire from a great distance, I guess that could go through the hull and let water in. That's the sort of thing damage control should be able to handle without too much difficulty. If it detonated on the other hand, puppy hit by 18 wheeler!

Everything I have seen about the TAFFY encounter suggests that it was the IJN cruisers that inflicted most of the damage (as well as suffering the most in return).

[G-AWZT]

Well in the movie "In Harm's Way" the Yamato scored some hits;)

[kongman]

Iowa was also retrofitted with Tomahawks.



and the yamato was fitted with the wave motion cannon , so you screwed...........LOL

[Mastermind]

You guys crack me up...getting so emotional over a video game re-inactment...hahahah...This thread rocks! :-)

[Flagg]

and the yamato was fitted with the wave motion cannon , so you screwed...........LOL

Starblasers reference for the win! :)

[oldsoak]

Who gets the photon torpedos ?

[Violet Fashion by Mindy]

Well the USS Enterprise was a carrier sooooooooo

this is a battleship thread

[Laworkerbee]

Starblasers reference for the win! :)

X2 Just awesome.