VorpalDoom
03-12-2004, 12:48 AM
Using IR
would only get you... uh... nothing? unless heat was on the outside canvas (or plastic), either way, both materials are very ****e to matching the surrounding temperature, so it'd just a a black blurr, like looking at blades of grass with an ir camera.
fun post btw. ;)
http://www.aeronautics.ru/img001/mig29kit6.jpg
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http://www.aeronautics.ru/img001/mig29kit7.jpg
http://dragan.freeservers.com/agresija/mig29kit8.jpg
How fake guns and painting the roads fooled Nato
By Robert Fisk in Belgrade
NATO officers began to realise the discrepancy between their own claims and reality within hours of the start of the Yugoslav military withdrawal. In just the first stage of the Serbian retreat, they logged 250 tanks moving out of Kosovo - all undamaged - and at least 40,000 men. This was supposed to be the troop strength of the entire Third Army; thousands more soldiers left in the next three days.
All of which casts serious doubt on Nato's wartime propaganda. On 17 April, for example, Nato spokesman Jamie Shea was boasting that the alliance was "knocking the stuffing out of Milosevic" while General Wesley Clark, the Nato commander, said on 27 May that after 27,000 Nato sorties, his pilots had conducted "the most accurate bombing campaign in history." Although Nato repeatedly struck power stations and radio-television repeater stations - and suggested that it had killed more than 500 Yugoslav soldiers in a B-52 raid on Kosovo in the last week of bombing - it seems to have caused little damage to Serbian military equipment.
General Pavkovic's claim that the Third Army lost seven tanks, three transporters, 13 anti-tank guns and other artillery could not be disputed after a 400-mile tour of some of the most heavily-bombed areas of Kosovo last week. During my entire journey, I saw only four damaged Yugoslav army trucks, two abandoned lorries and a destroyed Serbian military jeep. Numerous barracks had been totally destroyed by cruise missiles - but the buildings appeared to have been empty when they were struck.
A Yugoslav military official in Belgrade claimed that his troops had discovered how to avoid attack. "They fired their missiles and then replaced the batteries with mock-ups," the source said. "The time it took Nato's photo-reconnaissance people to identify the point of fire and the vehicle location and return to bomb the mock-up was a minimum of 12 hours. So we knew when we had to move our equipment - every 12 hours."
The same source also said that army missile technicians had taken apart an unexploded US Tomahawk missile and concluded that its targeting partly depended on a chip that guided the rocket by heat sources rather than imagery. As a result, Yugoslav reservists were set to work burning tyres beside major road and rail bridges that would emit greater heat than the surface of the bridges themselves, and also painting the road on Kosovo bridges in many different colours - because the colours emit different degrees of heat. The tarmac of many bridges in southern Kosovo are in fact still coloured in red, yellow, purple and green rectangles.
The Yugoslav air force was meanwhile hidden from view. Although a number of its machines were destroyed - including three that were shot down - several MiG-29s were moved around the country, sometimes secreted at night in the trees off the motorway west of Belgrade, surrounded by farm machinery and metal sheeting so that Nato's photo-reconnaisance officers would not recognise their 'signature'. "There wasn't enough room for the MiG-29s to fly in," an official here said. "As soon as you take off, you're approaching your own border. We quickly realised that flying was out and that combat was hopeless. The order was to sit and protect the aircraft, to save the lives of our pilots."
So why did President Milosevic agree to the entry of international troops into Kosovo when his army was still ready to fight? Some say he feared that a ground war would lead Nato troops all the way to Belgrade - and his own dispatch to the Hague on war crimes charges. But another source suggests that Viktor Chernomyrdin, Moscow's Balkan peace envoy and the head of Russia's multi-million dollar Gasprom project, threatened to cut off all gas to Yugoslavia if Belgrade did not accept the Nato-EU-Russian "peace" terms.
The Russian military is known to have been angered by Mr Chernomyrdin's activities - indeed, a Russian general publicly denounced the agreement as "confused" in the envoy's presence on his return to Moscow. And the Russian military clearly acted in defiance of its political leadership when it sent the first Russian contingent into Pristina. The officers involved had learned of Nato's desire to make their headquarters at Slatina when they heard Nato radio transmissions referring to Slatina as "Tuzla 2" - Tuzla being the Nato airstrip in Bosnia. Russia, according to the Yugoslavs, decided to move into Slatina while Nato commanders were arguing over whether British or US troops should enter Kosovo first.
Far from being an insignificant Balkan airfield - as British General Sir Michael Jackson has portrayed Pristina airport - the military airbase is one of the most sophisticated in the former Yugoslavia with an underground runway and nuclear bunkers.
At least six Yugoslav MiG-21 jets spent the war there - undamaged by Nato bombing - and flew out of the airbase before Nato troops arrived in Pristina. The Russians reportedly want to transport into Kosovo Russian troops from the 106th Guards Division at Tula (two of whose regiments fought in Afghanistan) and from the 76th Guards Division based at Pskov near St Petersburg.
Belgrade's first suspicions that the Americans might be planning a military campaign against them were aroused last summer when Yugoslav military intelligence officers learned that US forces were building a Mash-type hospital in Bulgaria close to the River Yerma.
These suspicions, according to one official, were increased when Belgrade heard that the Americans were constructing a reserve military airbase at Kustendil in Bulgaria - a base which they say was used during Nato's war as a targeting navigation station for B-52s and a transport base for C-130 transport aircraft.
"During the war, the army realised they could survive when Nato started bombing civilian targets," the Yugoslav source said. "We came to the conclusion that Nato knew it couldn't find our vehicles concealed in the hills and forests so it deliberately targeted civilians and civilian infrastructure. That's when we knew we could maintain our battle readiness." Despite the bombing of dozens of civilian targets, Nato repeatedly stated that it never intended to cause civilian casualties.
What has not, predictably, emerged here are the grim statistics of "ethnic cleansing" and the degree to which the regular Yugoslav army did - or did not - have a hand in the assault on Kosovo's Albanian population. Most eyewitness reports of massacres over the past two months suggest that paramilitary or interior ministry forces rather than regular troops were principally involved. But last month's indictments against Yugoslav leaders by the International War Crimes Tribunal include the name of General Dragoljub Ojdanic, the Yugoslav army chief of staff.
http://www.zoran.net/afp/text/independent/how_fake_guns.htm
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Yugoslav Army Displays Decoys Said To Have Fooled NATO
Original location: http://www.centraleurope.com/news.php3?id=169199
NIS, Jun 15, 2000 -- (*******) The Yugoslav army on Wednesday displayed a range of crudely-made decoys that it said had tricked NATO pilots into firing away from genuine targets during the alliance's 1999 air strike campaign.
The head of Yugoslavia's Third Army division, Colonel-General Vladimir Lazarevic, sought the upper hand in the post-war public relations battle by reiterating accusations that the West had exaggerated the damage inflicted by its bombs.
"The first victim (of the war) was the truth," said Lazarevic, who headed the army's Pristina Corps during the conflict and who was later promoted by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.
Lazarevic, speaking at the bomb-damaged headquarters of the Third Army in the southern Serbian city of Nis, put its losses at 13 tanks, 10 armored personnel carriers as well as some artillery pieces -- well below Western estimates.
"The truth is that the losses in military equipment were minimal," he said in an interview. "Never before in the history of warfare have such low losses been seen."
He did not go into detail about army strategy for avoiding greater damage, nor did he give military casualty figures.
But journalists were later shown decoys at an army base outside Nis which army personnel said were used in Kosovo.
Intended to trick hostile aircraft into going after the wrong targets, the decoys include dummies of soldiers filled with hay standing next to fake anti-aircraft guns made out of various metal parts, including old water pipes.
ARMY SAY DECOYS EFFECTIVE
One decoy was a multiple rocket launcher with rusty vegetable cans as barrels.
"It looks primitive, but it was very effective," said one army official. "The results were very good."
Another army officer, who declined to be identified, said the decoys had contributed greatly to reduced hardware losses. He said most of them were hit during the March-to-June air war.
Before reporters could approach a field where a dozen or so decoys were scattered, soldiers covered some of the larger ones so they could not be seen.
The army said these decoys had survived the bombing and been brought back by soldiers withdrawing from Kosovo last year to Nis, where the Pristina Corps, named after the provincial capital, is now based.
NATO bombed Yugoslavia to force Belgrade's military and police into ending a harsh crackdown on ethnic Albanians seeking self-rule in Kosovo, a southern province of Yugoslavia's main republic, Serbia.
Last month, the Pentagon and the U.S. Air Force denied a Western media report that the U.S. military and NATO had vastly inflated bomb damage wrought on Serbian armor.
An article in the U.S. magazine Newsweek said the air strikes were very accurate against fixed targets but ineffective against tanks, armored vehicles and mobile artillery.
U.S. Air Force Brigadier General John Corley, director of studies and analysis at U.S. Air Force headquarters in Europe, conceded that only about 26 destroyed and burned-out Serb tanks were found by his team after the bombing ended.
But he said that the total count was 93 destroyed after information from sources such as satellite pictures and gun-camera film was considered.
Kosovo, still legally part of Yugoslavia, is now under the de facto international rule, with 40,000 NATO-led peacekeeping troops struggling to keep peace and vengeful ethnic Albanians carrying out frequent attacks against remaining Serbs.
Echoing statements by the civilian Yugoslav leadership, Lazarevic said KFOR peacekeepers had failed to stop such attacks and suggested that they should be replaced by Serbian troops.
"There is no peace in Kosovo, there is no peace in the Balkans, unless the international security troops, the way they are, withdraw from Kosovo," he said.
“M-18” - the Serb “Trojan Horse”
According to the western reports at the time (e.g., the London Times, June 24), the Serb military deployed various decoys and camouflage techniques supposedly learned from the Soviets. But a recent article by a Serb engineer, Mato Siladic in the Yugoslav “Aeromagazine,” a magazine published by and for the flying enthusiasts and aeronautical modelers, revealed additional details of how the Serb civilians, not the Yugoslav Air Force, came with the idea which preserved the Serb military’s most valuable flying assets - the MiG 29s. And how these Serb patriots built them while NATO bombs were raining all around them.
You can check out at our Web site a special album of photographs by Djordje Ivanov, which illustrate the various phases of construction and deployment of the MiG-29 decoys, which the Serb aeronautical enthusiasts jokingly dubbed the “M-18” - http://www.truthinmedia.org/Kosovo/War/PhotoAlbum/photos-war-10.html.
But the proof is in the pudding, as they say. The ultimate success of this enterprising Serb civilian contribution to their country’s defense had to be proven in combat. And it was. About 90% of all the decoys built by the “M-18” team were destroyed by NATO’s bombs.
“Under normal circumstances, every designer-modeler would have loved to nurture and protect his babies,” said Radoje Glagojevic, one of the “M-18” designers. “(But in this case), we wanted the NATO aggressors to destroy as many of them as possible.” Blagojevic is a modeler from Nova Pazova, a small town about 20 miles northwest of Belgrade, close to the Batajnica military airport, which was practically a nightly target of NATO bombs during its 11-week air campaign.
Here are some excerpts from the article “Aeromagazine,” in our translation from Serbian:
“It is widely known that… the most advanced aircraft of the Yugoslav Air Force are the MiG-29 fighters which were procured 12 years ago. It is also no secret, and the NATO planners in Brussels knew it very well, that we bought only one squadron of MiG-29s - 14 one-seaters, and two two-seaters. At the time of the NATO alliance’s aggression on our country, these MiGs were our only aircraft which could have realistically confronted the most advanced attacking airplanes.
But considering that even on the first night, the NATO aggressors engaged 400-450 fighter aircraft vs. a dozen or so Yugoslav MiGs, the realistic advantage was about 30-to-1 in favor of the enemy. As the air campaign continued, with every passing day such a ratio was becoming less favorable for us. […]
So given such an imbalance in air power, we were forced to create our own ‘Trojan Horse”…
Djordje Ivanov, a pilot, painter and cartoonist, was actually the first to come up with the idea of building MiG-29 decoys. ‘We had to find a way to preserve our aircraft,’ he says. ‘Our solution was - moving constantly both the decoys and the real airplanes, so that the decoys become true shadows of real aircraft. We made the decoys ‘come to life’ mechanically and electronically. We imitated the its engines; we artificially created smoke from burning kerosene in ‘smoke boxes;’ the metal skin created an appropriate radar image… Our team was named ‘M-18,’ as the(alphabetical) follow-on to the L-18 designation which the Yugoslav MiG-29s have’.”
Eventually, members of the ‘Nova Pazova’ aeronautical modeling club, such as Blagojevic, pitched in with their own ideas and ‘labor of love’ to try to help their country’s war effort. Their ultimate gratification came on June 12. That’s when 11 Yugoslav MiG-29s sprouted their wings and took off from Pristina’s Slatina airport, to the utter shock and amazement of the NATO brass and the western media. Here’s how Col. David Hackworth put it in his June 15 nationally syndicated column (see S99-111, "Peace" 5, Item 5, June 18):
“After all those bombs and missiles and all of NATO's glowing reports about battle damage inflicted on the non-white-flag-waving Serbian Army, 11 MiG fighters rose from an air base in Kosovo on the day the peace deal was final. They wagged their perfect, unruffled wings and headed north. After such a pummeling, how could 11 jet fighters, almost more than Great Britain used in the war, remain unscathed?
Eventually, the analysts will tell us the final score.”
Well, now we know how it was done. A bunch of Serb MiG-29 dummies fooled a bunch of NATO brass dummies with an “M-18,” a Serb “Trojan Horse,” created by a pilot-painter and cartoonist, and a bunch of Nova Pazova aeronautical enthusiasts and modelers. Homo Sapiens wins. Technology loses. A great victory of human spirit; a sad day for the “death merchants.”
(source: Truth in Media, by Bob Djurjevic et ed., Issue S99-131, "Peace" 25, July 31, 1999, photos by Djordje Ivanov)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/375000/images/_377943_tank300.jpg
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World: Europe
Analysis: How Yugoslavia hid its tanks
By Paul Beaver
Last week, I watched the long lines of Yugoslav army (VJ) vehicles pulling out from Kosovo, especially in the area from Pristina airport and Kosovo Polje, the so-called cradle of Serb civilisation.
I counted over 50 main battle tanks, including at least six of the latest M84A (T-72G) main battle tanks.
All had all been in hiding.
Friday, June 25, 1999 Published at 16:39 GMT 17:39 UK
World: Europe
Analysis: How Yugoslavia hid its tanks
Spot the difference: Belgrade claims Nato hit decoy tanks
By Paul Beaver
Last week, I watched the long lines of Yugoslav army (VJ) vehicles pulling out from Kosovo, especially in the area from Pristina airport and Kosovo Polje, the so-called cradle of Serb civilisation.
I counted over 50 main battle tanks, including at least six of the latest M84A (T-72G) main battle tanks.
All had all been in hiding.
Within 24 hours of the Nato land forces entry into Kosovo, the VJ began moving their carefully hidden armour - tanks, armoured personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery and bridging units - from cover. In the village of Magura, T-55A main battle tanks clanked out of the cover of burnt out Albanian homes, sheds, workshops and orchards.
The crew were cheering, feeling perhaps that they had achieved a kind of victory.
During the next seven days of travelling around Kosovo, I encountered only one burnt out armoured personnel carrier and two low-loaders with their back broken.
There was no real evidence of a successful Nato air operation against armoured vehicles.
There was, however, evidence of missiles and bombs which had not exploded - including a US$ 1.25 million AGM-88 HARM (High Speed Anti Radar Missile) on a highway and a Maverick anti-tank missile which had apparently missed its desired target and embedded itself in the road side verge.
So what about the 100 plus armoured vehicles which the Nato website claims were destroyed?
In Kosovo, there was no sign of them.
The VJ had employed decoys - pneumatic rubber images of tanks which include heat sources for decoying thermal imaging systems carried by Nato aircraft; decoys used by Saddam Hussein and often procured from the Nato nations, including the British.
Just like the Gulf war, hundreds of the targets which were "destroyed" were decoys.
Bridges were destroyed but many were still intact. There was evidence of paint on the road - perhaps marked to show "damage" to fool Nato reconnaissance aircraft and satellites. Battle damage assessment is better carried out on the ground.
The VJ - including elements of forces which had fought in the Krajina war of 1995 (by the flags flown on the retreating tanks) - is relatively unscathed. Nato itself estimates that 45,000 troops, 250 tanks, 450 armoured personnel carriers and over 400 artillery/mortar systems were withdrawn from Zone 1 alone.
The moral of the story - air power is decisive but not all powerful. Battle damage assessment takes time and attacking individual targets hidden in the field is not best done from 15,000 feet.
But, it must be remembered that hidden tanks cannot be used against civilians.
Paul Beaver is spokesman for Jane's Information Group, London.
Nikolas
03-12-2004, 04:25 AM
According to Military Parade, pneumatic breadboard model BMP-2 fits radia-reflecting by a fabric, on it painting of a running part and back doors is put.
Range simulated characteristics - optical, thermal, radar-tracking.
Probability of acceptance of a breadboard model for the valid engineering - 0.75-0.8.
Weight of a breadboard model of 158 kg.
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