From mates in the Anti-poaching side of things in Africa: The market is predominantely China, but other high demand regions are South Asia and the Middle East. there are a few "Western" customers but the bulk of ivory/horn is going East. Recently Zimbabwe found a couple of Chinese facilitators and arrested them. Most are smarter than that and leave it to the impoverished Africans to do the dirty work. The facilitators are often regional African businessmen, which is handy when you need to arrange international shipping. Often the customer wont leave their home. The ones who need to be shot are usually a few links further up the chain than the poor bastard trying to keep food on the table. Most poaching is for survival/subsistance. The methods are generally snares and the animals are generally "deer" type animals. Animals are used for food and some for commercial purposes.
The next tier of poaching is commercial small scale: mass poisoning of Vultures for medicine, snaring of antelope for skins, as well as other animals. Purely commercial. Often resulting in utter overkill and "wastage" ie: poisoning a carcass and vultures dying from the meat - vultures weigh 10-15kg, poachers on foot, as most are, cannot carry more than a few vultures, although they may have killed 100 - quite common.
Large scale "big Game" poaching is purely commercial and generally for the intercontinental market. generally they work in a large networks from the poacher on the ground to facilitators and middle men to the customer. Thats the ones you hear about mostly. There were poachers running out of Mozambique known for Helicopter based operations, flying to Kruger National Park, killing from the air, taking a chainsaw to the tusks and flying back out before RSA Airforce could scramble to intercept. Some of their jobs were reported as taking 15 minutes to get over the border, get the job done and back across the border.
I mention that because I want people to realise poaching is not an ad-hoc industry of rag arsed africans killing indiscriminate animals and selling the tusks down the market. Its well planned, organised and the killing of the large animals is often targetted in occordance with the current demand. The blokes you see getting nicked and shot are just the lowest end of the scale.



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