Not All Are Snipers
While all precision shooters are valuable to the tacticial situation, not all are genuine "snipers." This distinguished names is best reserved for thos who have successfully completed formal schooling by their respective services, resulting in the award of the sniper MOS...
For the most part these men are assigned in the role of sniper and armed with top-of-the-line bolt-action Remigton 7.62mm rifles...or semi-auto .50 caliber Barrets.
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Sharpshooters and Designated Marksmen
Because the demand far outstrips the supply of these "real" snipers, worthy shooters with somewhat lesser degrees of schooling and proficiency are also deserving of membership in the precision riflery fraternity...there is much latitude in what they are called...but
SAR finds it convenient to use two broad categories.
We'll call the first category of semi-snipers "Sharpshooters/Designated Marksmen," who are expert shooters given some advanced instruction and then assigned the role as additional duty. They are usually identified by the distinctive scoped 7.62mm rifle with its protruding box magazine they proudly carry.
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On The M14
SAR: Is the proper nomenclature Designated Marksman Rifle?
Army: There is no nomenclature for a modified M14 as this is not a formal Army program, but rather a unit-specific effort.
SAR: What is the basis of issue; how many per unit and who gets them?
Army: Zero. Some units have received depot surplus M14s to augment their authorized weapons but there is no formalized or standardized basis of issue, nor are all units authorized to have M14s - it is a capability provided for a limited time on a case-by-case basis.
SAR: What is the rationale for fielding these vs. the M24?
Army: All units authorized the M24 have their allocated quantity. Those units in receipt of M14s have not received them in lieu of M24 sniper rifles.
SAR: Whwere are the Designated Marksmen being trained and to what standards?
Army: Designated Marksmen are trained as part of markmanship sustainment training at the individual unit level, according to standards established in Chapter 7 of FM3-22.9, Rifle Marksmanship.
21st December 2004, Afghanistan. Specialist Jonathan Low, a Designated Marksman for Company C, 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment.
Squad Designated Marksman
Not to be confused with those in the previous category [Designated Marksmen/Sharpshooters], Squad Designated Marksmen are members of Army and Marine rifle squads who carry specially modified 5.56mm M16A4 rifles or M4A1 carbines. telescopic sights and bipods are the most obvious indicators of this special status, but the luckiest ones carry weapons with match grade trigger groups and heavy barrels.
They usually get extra training to go along with this high-speed gun gear and are expected to put this to good use in two very important ways. First, the day scopes - usually 4 power ACOGs - enable better identification of threats among friendlies. Then, when the need arises to apply 5.56mm persuasion, the accuracy package plus well-honed shooting skills equals higher likelihood of finishing the job without collateral damage.
A Squad Designated Marksman from Company B, 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, conducts search and sweep operations in the village of Shakaria, Iraq. January 9, 2006.
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Stryker Brigade Snipers in Iraq
Troubled by the lack of recognition in news releases and other elements...SAR sent a request through Pentagon channels to the 25th Infantry Division, [then] deployed in Northern Iraq. The response was immediate and enthusiastic. Some excerpts:
-Major Mark Bieger [was] the Battalion Operations Officer for 1st Battalion, 24th Infantry Regiment in the 1st Brigade (Stryker Brigade Combat Team), 25th Infantry Division in Northern Iraq.
"Snipers have been critical to successful operations in fighting the insurgency in Mosul, Iraq. The sniper provides twho critical advantages: precision, long-range direct fires and covert surveillance. In an urban environment, the sniper's unique capabilities cannot be matched with other, lesser-trained soldiers, technology or alternate tactic, technique or procedure. The snipers of this battalion are absolutely necessary and an invaluable piece of the organization."
Stryker Company sniper, 24th Infantry Regiment. KIA by enemy sniper in Mosul.
-Captain Chris Bachl [was] a Stryker Infantry Company Commander of A Company, 1st Battalion, 5th Infantry Regiment deployed in Northern Iraq.
On sniper effectiveness in Iraq:
"The seven man sniper squad (2 x 3-man sniper teams plus 1 Squad Leader) are used in a full array of operations in support of company and battalion targeting operations. Common operational uses include covert stay behind ambushes, cache/terrain of interest observation, counter-IED, Iraqi Army patrol overwatch, and counter-mortar/counter-rocket and COP/Hard site security. They truly operate over a full spectrum of operations to include both lethal and non-lethal roles. One critical role they play involves the gathering of information and intel as they conduct observation and surveillance. My company snipers were very adept at pinpointing enemy actions at a distance using their advanced optics. Their spot reports translated into critical real-time information (sensor to shooter link) that platoon's were able to act on instantly using their digital capabilities."
One example:
"While providing observation and coutenr-reconaissance in support of a platoon maneuvering forward from a COP, the sniper team spotted 'suspicious activity.' After developing the situation and further observation, they observed military-aged males gathering at a house at a distance of 600 meters from the combat outpost. The sniper team was able to then vector the maneuver platoon to the house while the spotter and sniper continued to maintain eyes on the situation. Once the platoon was in sight, they gathering began to disperse, some picked up RPGs and AK-47s and started firing at the approaching platoon. The sniper team was able to islolate them with precision fires allowing the platoon to maneuver closer to the building."
-Captain Kevin Saatkamp [was] an Infantry Stryker company commander in the 3rd Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment deployed to Northern Iraq.
"Snipers fulfill a critical role in the the urban insurgency. The benefits of the organic company sniper, unique to the Stryker Brigade, ad a tremendous precision fire asset to those who need it most: the infantryman on the ground. Consisting of a 3-man element, the sniper team provides not only the ability to 'reach out and touch someone,' but also the ability to observe targets covertly without a large signature. The largest challenge to the sniper in Mosul is the difficult and varied terrain. One mission the team may be placed in a 3-story building, the next in an open field. Leaving behind a sniper team in an area that just received contact has proved especially effective to US forces. Although not always employed, the sniper can provide an insight into the neighborhood that a normal dismounted patrol can't. In short, the company sniper team is a tremendous combat multiplier to the Stryker company and battalions."
Future Snipering
Army snipers - and maybe their Marine brothers - can look forward to receiving a fast-shooting 7.62mm sniper rifle in the next year or so...the XM110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, essentially a beefed-up and tuned-up M16 along the lines of the Navy SEAL's Mk. 11 Mod 0 (Knight's SR-25).

Also, Ronnie Barret hasn't rested on his M107 .50 caliber laurels. Joint Services Small Arms Program is well along with developmental work and safety testing of his 25mm high-velocity version called the XM109 Anti-Material Payload Rifle. Insiders report this awesome weapon has already seen "operational evaluation" overseas.